Goat 4MID® Kit (proAKAP4 marker)
Product ref. : 4VDX-18K9
The Goat 4MID® Kit (Ref. 4VDX-18K9) allows you to quantify proAKAP4 in samples of goat semen as a biomarker of sperm quality and fertility.
The Goat 4MID® Kit is the 1st functional test to evaluate sperm quality and fertility in goat.
The Goat 4MID® Kit will give you a number that is correlated with fertility outcomes.
Research Use Only Product (RUO) / Not for Diagnosis or Therapeutic Use.
Goat 4MID® Kit Description
The Goat 4MID® Kit (Ref. 4VDX-18K9) is the first test that validates objectively the semen quality by quantifying a protein named proAKAP4 in goat semen (all breeds).
The dosage of the amount of proAKAP4 biomarker with the Goat 4MID® Kit brings :
- Objective information on semen quality
- Qualification of each breeding male
- Qualification of each ejaculate
- Qualification of each straw/straw lot at the post-thaw control step
- Selection of semen with long lasting motility and functionality at post-thaw
- Pertinent parameter to improve sperm cryopreservation
- A functional indicator of male fertility
Application for the in vitro determination of goat proAKAP4 in sperm.
For Research Use Only / Not for Diagnosis or Therapeuctic Use
Reagents provided in the Goat 4MID® Kit
The Goat 4MID® kit (Ref. 4VDX-18K9) contains all reagents and buffers required for the quantification of proAKAP4 protein in goat semen (all breeds).
- One Microplate pre-coated with the Capture Antibody
- 7 vials of Standard (ready to use)
- One vial of Detection Antibody
- One bottle of the Enzyme Reagent
- One bottle of 10X Wash Buffer
- One bottle of the Sample Diluant
- One bottle of the Stop Solution
- One positive Control
- Two adhesive plate sealers
Research Use Only Product (RUO) / Not for Diagnosis or Therapeutic Use.
Technical data of the Goat 4MID® Kit
- Name: Goat 4MID® Kit
- Product reference : 4VDX-18K9
- Specificity : Goat proAKAP4 (all breeds)
- Method: Sandwich ELISA (96 well plate)
- Analytical range : 0 ng to 150 ng
- Sample type : Fresh ejaculates or frozen goat semen / isolated spermatozoa
- From 1 to 88 samples can be run simultaneously (12 breakable strips of 8 wells per 96-Well Microplate / per kit).
Easy to use immunoassay / rapid / reproducible
Easy to interpret / give a number relative to sperm quality and male fertility
Application : for the in vitro determination of caprine proAKAP4 in sperm.
Research Use Only Product (RUO) / Not for Diagnosis or Therapeutic Use.
Benefits – Goat 4MID® Kit
The dosage of the proAKAP4 marker with the Goat 4MID® Kit brings :
- Objective information on semen quality and functionality
- Qualification of each breeding male
- Qualification of each ejaculate / batch / straw (tool for control quality)
- Pertinent parameter to improve sperm cryopreservation
- Selection of long-lasting motility of semen at post-thaw
- A functional indicator of male fertility
The Goat 4MID® Kit give a number that is correlated with sperm quality and male fertility.
More details in Sergeant et al. 2019.
Overview
The Goat 4MID® Kit as the first validated test of sperm quality and fertility
The Goat 4MID® Kit detect and quantify the proAKAP4 protein in semen (raw, diluted, fresh, chilled or frozen / isolated spermatozoa).
ProAKAP4 is the first innovative marker of semen quality, being a reflect of the good maturation of spermatozoa (Cui et al., 2016; Sergeant et al., 2019 ; Delehedde et al. 2020 ; Bastan and Akcay, 2021).
ProAKAP4 is the precursor of AKAP4 that is playing a key role in flagellar structure, capacitation and sperm motility (Luconi et al., 2011 ; Delehedde et al. 20219).
Spermatozoa without proAKAP4 / AKAP4 are abnormal, immotile and infertile (Miki et al., 2002 ; Fang et al., 2019). High concentration of proAKAP4 will be indicative of HOW LONG spermatozoa will be motile and fertile overtimes (fresh and at post-thaw).
Oxidative stress decrease proAKAP4 concentration on spermatozoa (Hamada et al., 2013; Nixon et al., 2019 ; Delehedde et al. 2020).
Sperm from high fertility males have higher expression of proAKAP4 than low fertility males (Peddinti et al., 2008; Ruelle et al., 2019a; Sergeant et al., 2019; Singh et al., 2019; Fu et al., 2019 ; Griffin et al. 2020 ; Ruelle et al. 2019b).
The concentration of proAKAP4 biomarker measured with the Goat 4MID® Kit is a good indicator of sperm quality and of how the spermatozoa can keep its motility high and efficient up to fecundation.
References
- Bastan and Akcay (2021) Quality assessment of frozen bull semen with the precursor A-kinase anchor protein 4 biomarker. Andrologia e14164.
- Riesco et al. (2020) ProAKAP4 as Novel Molecular Marker of Sperm Quality in Ram: An Integrative Study in Fresh, Cooled and Cryopreserved Sperm. Biomolecules. 10(7):1046.
- Blommaert et al. (2021) ProAKAP4 concentration in stallion semen after cryopreservation in two different freezing media. Cryobiology.
- Sergeant et al (2020) Assessment of the proAKAP4 concentrations as a pertinent sperm parameter to select extenders and preservatives of stallion semen. Animal Reproduction Science. Vol. 220 :106449.
- Ruelle et al. (2020) ProAKAP4 concentrations in semen as a predictive tool of bull fertility: A preliminary study. Reproduction, Fertility and Development. 32(1):145.
- Carracedo et al. (2020) The sperm specific proAKAP4 polypeptide exhibited conserved functions, localizations and metabolism among mammals. Animal Reproduction Science. Vol. 220 :106448
- Griffin et al. (2020) Mass spectrometry reveals distinct proteomic profiles in high- and low-quality stallion spermatozoa. Reproduction. 160(5):695-707.
- Fang et al. (2019) Proteomics and single-cell RNA analysis of Akap4-knockout mice model confirm indispensable role of Akap4 in spermatogenesis. Developmental Biology. 454(2):118-127.
- Blommaert et al. (2019a) The Horse 4MID® Kit as a promising tool to compare different freezing media to preserve stallion semen. Rev. Bras. Reprod. Anim. Vol 43(2):585.
- Blommaert et al. (2019b) Expression, localization, and concentration of A-kinase anchor protein 4 (AKAP4) and its precursor (proAKAP4) in equine semen: promising marker correlated to the total and progressive motility in thawed spermatozoa. Theriogenology. Vol. 131:52-60.
- Delehedde et al. 2019) ProAKAP4 polypeptide as a biomarker of sperm functionality and male fertility disorders. Int J Gynecol and Reprod Sci. Vol. 2(1):13-19.
- Delehedde et al (2019b) ProAKAP4 concentrations as an indicator of good spermatogenesis and sperm quality under oxidative stress conditions. Andrology. Vol. 7(1):86.
- Nixon et al. (2019b) A Kinase Anchor Protein 4 is vulnerable to oxidative adduction in male germ cells. Frontiers in Cell and Developmental Biology – Vol. 7:319.
- Sergeant et al (2019) The sperm specific protein proAKAP4 as an innovative marker to evaluate sperm quality and fertility. Journal of Dairy & Veterinary Sciences. Vol. 11:01-19.
- Luconi et al. (2011) Role of A-kinase anchoring proteins (AKAPs) in reproduction. Frontiers in Bioscience. Vol. 16:1315-1330.
- Miki et al. (2002) Targeted disruption of the AKAP4 gene causes defects in sperm flagellum and motility. Developmental Biology. Vol. 248:331-342.
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