Bull 4MID® Kit (proAKAP4 biomarker)
Product ref. : 4VDX-18K4
The Bull 4MID® Kit (Ref. 4VDX-18K4) allows you to quantify proAKAP4 in bull semen as a biomarker of sperm quality and fertility.
The Bull 4MID® Kit is the 1st functional test to evaluate sperm quality.
The Bull 4MID® Kit will give you a number that is correlated with fertility outcomes.
Bull 4MID® Kit Description
The Bull 4MID® Kit (Ref. 4VDX-18K4) is the test that validate objectively semen quality by quantifying a protein biomarker named proAKAP4 in bull semen.
The dosage of the proAKAP4 biomarker with the Bull 4MID® Kit, will bring you:
- Objective information on semen quality
- Qualification of each breeding male
- Qualification of each ejaculate
- Pertinent parameter to improve sperm cryopreservation
- A functional indicator correlated to fertility
Application : for the in vitro determination of bull proAKAP4 in sperm.
For Research Use Only / Not for Diagnosis or Therapeutic Use
Reagents provided in the Bull 4MID® Kit
The Bull 4MID® Kit (Ref. 4VDX-18K4) contains all reagents and buffers required for the quantification of proAKAP4 protein in bull semen :
- One Microplate pre-coated with the Capture Antibody
- One vial of Standard
- One vial of Detection Antibody
- One bottle of the Enzyme Reagent
- One bottle of 10X Wash Buffer
- One bottle of the Sample Diluant
- One bottle of the Acid Stop Solution
- Two adhesive plate sealers
Technical Data of the Bull 4MID® Kit
- Name: Bull 4MID® Kit
- Product reference: 4VDX-18K4
- Specificity: Bull proAKAP4
- Analytical range: 0 ng to 150 ng
- Sample type: Fresh ejaculates, semen in extenders or frozen bull semen (straws)
- De 1 jusqu´a 88 samples can be run simultaneously
Easy to use immunoassay / Manual and automated assay
Research Use Only Product (RUO) / Not for Diagnosis or Therapeutic Use.
Advantages – Bull 4MID® Kit
In bulls, quantifying the concentration of proAKAP4 usingthe Bull 4MID® Kit method is:
- Indicative of the ejaculate quality
- An indicator of the long lasting motility at post-thaw
- An indicator of the quality of frozen straws
- A support tool for the classification of male breeder
- A monitoring tool of bull career
The Bull 4MID® Kit give you a number that correlate with fertility outcomes.
More details in Sergeant et al. 2019.
Overview
The Bull 4MID® Kit as the first validated test of sperm quality and fertility
The Bull 4MID® Kit detect and quantify the proAKAP4 protein in semen (raw, diluted, fresh, chilled or frozen).
ProAKAP4 is the first innovative biomarker of semen quality, being a reflect of the good maturation of spermatozoa (Cui et al., 2016; Sergeant et al., 2019).
ProAKAP4 is the precursor of AKAP4 that is playing a key role in flagellar structure, capacitation and sperm motility (Luconi et al., 2011 ; Turner et al., 2005). The AKAP4 gene is located on chromosome X (Sergeant et al., 2016). The precursor proAKAP4 is processed to a “mature” AKAP4 protein that will be active.
Spermatozoa without proAKAP4 / AKAP4 are abnormal, immotile and infertile (Miki et al., 2002 ; Fang et al., 2019). Also, oxidative stress decrease proAKAP4 concentration on spermatozoa (Hamada et al., 2013; Nixon et al., 2019)
Sperm from high fertility bulls have higher expression of proAKAP4 than low fertility bulls (Peddinti et al., 2008; Ruelle et al., 2019; Sergeant et al., 2019; Singh et al., 2019; Fu et al., 2019)
The concentration of proAKAP4 biomarker measured with the Bull 4MID® Kit is a good indicator of sperm quality and of how the spermatozoa can keep its motility high and efficient up to fecundation
References
- Bastan and Akcay (2021) Quality assessment of frozen bull semen with the precursor A-kinase anchor protein 4 biomarker. Andrologia e14164.
- Baştan I and Akçay E (2021) Prognostic assessment of frozen bull semen with ProAKAP4 biomarker. 4th International Health Science and Life Congress,
- Wu et al. (2020) Testis transcriptome profiling identified genes involved in spermatogenic arrest of cattleyak. PLoS One. 15(2):e0229503.
- Ruelle et al. (2020) ProAKAP4 concentrations in semen as a predictive tool of bull fertility: A preliminary study. Reproduction, Fertility and Development. 32(1):145.
- Carracedo et al. (2020) The sperm specific proAKAP4 polypeptide exhibited conserved functions, localizations and metabolism among mammals. Animal Reproduction Science. Vol. 220 :106448
- Griffin et al. (2020) Mass spectrometry reveals distinct proteomic profiles in high- and low-quality stallion spermatozoa. Reproduction. 160(5):695-707.
- Fang et al. (2019) Proteomics and single-cell RNA analysis of Akap4-knockout mice model confirm indispensable role of Akap4 in spermatogenesis. Developmental Biology. 454(2):118-127.
- Fu et al. (2019) Proteomic profiles of buffalo spermatozoa and seminal plasma. Theriogenology. Vol. 134:74-82.
- Singh et al. (2019) Database on spermatozoa transcriptogram of catagorised frieswal crossbred (holstein friesian X sahiwal) bulls. Theriogenology. Vol. 129:130-145.
- Blommaert et al. (2019) Expression, localization, and concentration of A-kinase anchor protein 4 (AKAP4) and its precursor (proAKAP4) in equine semen: promising marker correlated to the total and progressive motility in thawed spermatozoa. Theriogenology. Vol. 131:52-60.
- Delehedde et al. (2019) ProAKAP4 polypeptide as a biomarker of sperm functionality and male fertility disorders. Int J Gynecol and Reprod Sci. Vol. 2(1):13-19.
- Delehedde et al (2019b) ProAKAP4 concentrations as an indicator of good spermatogenesis and sperm quality under oxidative stress conditions. Andrology. Vol. 7(1):86.
- Nixon et al. (2019b) A Kinase Anchor Protein 4 is vulnerable to oxidative adduction in male germ cells. Frontiers in Cell and Developmental Biology – Vol. 7:319.
- Sergeant et al (2019) The sperm specific protein proAKAP4 as an innovative marker to evaluate sperm quality and fertility. Journal of Dairy & Veterinary Sciences. Vol. 11:01-19.
- Luconi et al. (2011) Role of A-kinase anchoring proteins (AKAPs) in reproduction. Frontiers in Bioscience. Vol. 16:1315-1330.
- Hu et al (2009) A-kinase anchoring protein 4 has a conserved role in mammalian spermatogenesis. Reproduction. Vol. 137:645-653.
- Peddinti et al. (2008) Comprehensive proteomic analysis of bovine spermatozoa of varying fertility rates and identification of biomarkers associated with fertility. BMC Systems Biology. Vol. (2)19:1-13.
- Miki et al. (2002) Targeted disruption of the AKAP4 gene causes defects in sperm flagellum and motility. Developmental Biology. Vol. 248:331-342.
Complete list of publications upon request at contact@4biodx.com
Contact our specialists through our contact form to request of quotation or if you have any questions or to set up a 4MID® trial analysis of your breeder semens.
